Starvation time and predatory efficiency of spider species. In the life of the spider, fabres careful observations of the species tarantula, the banded epeira, the narbonne lycosa, the crab spider and the. Threat to rice production in asia low initial density, steep and steady population growth, clumped spatial distribution, and violent density fluctuations from year to year. The experiment was conducted in the net house and laboratory to determine the effectiveness of two insecticides viz. An adult could consume as many as 22 mirids per day. There are many natural enemies that have been used as the biological control agent for controlling the outbreak of brown planthoppers such as cyrtorhinus lividipennis and lycosa pseudoannulata 8,9,10,11. In this study, we focus on cyrtorhinus lividipennis. To expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. Lycosidae in a northwest area of kanto plain, central japan. Behavior of the wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata boes.
During an investigation into the effectiveness of this method, brown plant hoppers were put into cages in rice fields. Further details may be available for individual references in the distribution table details section which can. The respirometer was run at the mean temperatures prevailing month by month in the litter layer from which the experimental animals were collected and equations relating standard respiration rate to spider. Wolf spiders are highly mobile and readily colonize newly. It is widely distributed in south and southeast asia, australia only in tropical areas, oceania and some pacific islands cie, 1984. Scope of plant protection a practical point of view. Animal behaviour, biochemistry and physiology, developmental biology, ecology, genetics, morphology and ultrastructure, parasitology and pathology, and systematics and evolution. Preliminary studies on the respiratory energy loss of a. Toxic effects of two insecticides on brown plant hopper. International journal of zoological research now accepting new submissions.
Transcriptome response to temperature stress in the wolf. In this work, a mathematical model is proposed to investigate the population dynamics of brown planthopper, which is a major insect pest of rice, and its natural enemies namely cyrtorhinus lividipennis and lycosa pseudoannulata. Helpful insects, spiders, and pathogens books international rice. Effects of age on the courtship, copulation, and fecundity. Cytogenetic studies of three lycosidae species from. Lycosa pseudoannulata has a forkshaped mark on the back and the abdomen has white markings.
Spraying insecticides early in the growing season kills most of the brown plant hoppers, but the spiders are even more sensitive to the chemical. Pardosa amentata adopts a sitandwait predation strategy with periodic changes of site. In the absence of its natural enemies, brown plant hopper can recover and damage the crop. Temperature represents a primary factor influencing its biology and behavior, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown.
Thesis agriculture books, references, online library. There are about 38,000 described species of spider worldwide. An wolf spider, lycosa pseudoannulata, collected from the field were reared in test tubes supplied with fruit flies as the food, and the number and weight of fruit flies killed per unit time and the weight of residuum of killed flies were recorded. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. The metabolic costs of this strategy were evaluated using a gilson respirometer. One spider eats up to 20 brown plant hoppers per day. The brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stal homoptera, delphacidae become a serious pest in tropical asia in the 1970s. Submit your next paper via online submission system.
Studies on the biology of the predatory wolf spider. The lungs of mygalomorph spiders have been reported as highly refined. Functional response parameters of the wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata on different bph nymph densities in microcosm. Efforts have also been made to provide the information on native biocontrol agents and basic management practices to be. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. When the cumulative number of flies killed by a spider was plotted against time after the beginning of food supply, the angle of the curve obtained. Those characteristics obviously result from combinations of the physio logical properties intrinsic to the insect and the environmental climatic, biotic. Yasuhiro fujii 1 1 department of biology, the nippon dental university released 20070329. Lycosidae were studied age had a significant effect on courtship latency, courtship intensity, and mating duration of the p. The change from darkness to light did not generally affect the spiders. Splashing water on the rice plant caused all the spiders to move up and down the plant or away from the plant. Major pests of rice and their management agriedu4u. Both male and female spiders attacked all stages of the mirid.
Pardosa is a large genus of wolf spiders, with more than 500 described species that are found in all regions of the world. Relationship between fresh y and dry x weights of spiders inhabiting the bottom layer of the rice. Pengandalian hayati, yaitu dengan menggunakan musuh alami wereng, misalnya laba laba predator lycosa pseudoannulata, kepik microvelia douglasidan cyrtorhinuss lividipenis, kumbang paederuss fuscipes, ophinea nigrofasciata,dan synarmonia octomaculata. Thermal biology has been poorly studied in spiders. To elucidate the basic food requirement of spiders, the important polyphagous predators of rice. Pdf on jan 1, 2008, akhtar ali khan and others published biology of wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata boesenberg and strand araneae. To analyse the model theoretically, the geometric singular perturbation method is employed. Often incorrectly called the true tarantula, lycosa spp. International journal of zoological research volume 2. Pulli carrying behaviour in wolf spiders lycosidae, araneae 147 other lycosids collected and reared to compare with lycosa sp.
When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Oxygen consumption, book lungs, mygalomorph spider. Lycosa pseudoannulata feeds on rice pests such as leafhoppers and planthoppers, but also on other beneficial species such as the mirid cyrtorhinus lividipennis. Pulli carrying behaviour in wolf spiders lycosidae, araneae. Species formerly classified as lycosa were the most studied ones. Maximizing the crop yield on a limited area of arable land is an absolute necessity. Lycosa is a genus of wolf spiders distributed throughout most of the world. Ku501289 was obtained by race technology, which has an open reading frame of 1662 bp. Lycosa pseudoannulata, tetragnatha maxillosa, atypena formosana, microvelia douglasi atrolineata, pseudogonatopus sp. This genus includes the european lycosa tarantula, which was once associated with tarantism, a dubious affliction whose symptoms included shaking, cold sweats, and a high fever. The uruguayan coastline, where most of the studies regarding the biology of a.
Pdf biology of wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata boesenberg. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Predation by the spider on this mirid was evaluated in functional response experiments in the insectary. Molecules free fulltext characterization of the fifth. The factors enabling lycosa pseudoannulata, a common predator in wetland rice, to hide under water were studied using an aquarium in which a potted rice plant was placed. The plant hoppers could not leave the cages but were able to feed.
Lycosa pseudoannulata was the most active predator during all the recorded h. Irrn guidelines the international rice research newsletter objective is. Modelling the population dynamics of brown planthopper. Dynamical modeling of the control of brown planthoppers by. Pdf in this work, a mathematical model is proposed to investigate the population dynamics of brown planthopper, which is a major insect pest of rice. Scientific name of rice is oryza sativa, it comes under the grass family poaceae. Spiracles of the lungs in book spiders are almost closed in the animal at rest davies and edney, 1952.
Cytogenetic studies of the family lycosidae arachnida. Interactions between biological control efforts and. Differences between stages or sexes were obscure both in. It is estimated that weeds, plant diseases, and pre and postharvest pests. Our aim in this work was to perform a comparative analysis of the meiosis in lycosa erythrognatha lucas. Ecology of the brown planthopper in temperate regions. Species edit pardosa abagensis ovtsharenko, 1979 russia, abkhazia. In addition to four aches ppache14 we identified from p. Pests of rice, symptoms and their management rice is one of indias major staple food crop. Effect of temperature and prey abundance on mass rearing. The effects of age on the courtship, copulation and fecundity of pardosa pseudoannulata araneae. Other seven lycosid species alopecosa virgata, arctosa depectinata, arctosa subamylacea, lycosa coelestis, pardosa pseudoannulata, pardosa yaginumai and pirata subpiraticus in the study area were not or seldom trapped because of their low mobility or low density at the trapping sites. In this backdrop, this pocket book is prepared to strengthen the field diagnosis procedure of faw for the farmers, extension workers, students and other stakeholders etc. Although adding either wolf spiders or insecticide to.
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