The abbasid caliphate was the third caliphate to succeed the islamic prophet muhammad. The umayyad caliphate or dynasty 661750 c e was the first great islamic empire. The abbasid revolution the abbasid dynasty overthrew the preceding umayyad dynasty, which was based in damascus, syria. Students will make a timeline covering three periods. It overthrew the umayyad caliphate in ad 750 and reigned as the. Among the formation of the islamic empire, the umayyad and abbasid dynasties formed, each using different methods for expansion and gaining power. The umayyads had become increasingly unpopular, especially in the eastern territories of the caliphate. The abbasid dynasty depended on regional governors for military control and the collection of taxes. Contrast the religious policies and political administration of the umayyad and abbasid dynasties. Umayyad dynasty article about umayyad dynasty by the free. Abbasid dynasty, second of the two great dynasties of the muslim empire of the caliphate. Comparison of umayyad and abbasid dynasty free essays. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
After killing off most of the umayyads and destroying the graves of the umayyad rulers apart from muawiyah and umar ibn adb alaziz, the history books written during the later abbasid period are more anti umayyad. The term is particularly used in the history of ancient egypt as a convenient means of arranging the. The umayyad caliphate was one of the most powerful and expansive of the islamic caliphates. The abbasid revolution, also called the movement of the men of the black raiment, was the overthrow of the umayyad caliphate 661750 ce, the second of the four major caliphates in early islamic history, by the third, the abbasid caliphate 7501258 ce. The umayyad empire is the fifth largest empire in history. Abbasid umayyad dominance in the east was challenged by a rising faction, the abbasids, who joined others opposing the empires secular emphasis. Primary sources from umayyad times history stack exchange. In spite of being strong enough to demolish umayyad, they diverted umayyads power to themselves which could have been utilized on other enemies. The abbasid dynasty, ruling from baghdad, took black as a symbol of mourning for the assassination of relatives of the prophet and in remembrance of the battle of karbala. The umayyad caliphate was the second of the four major islamic caliphates established after the death of muhammad.
The umayyad caliphate was the second of the four major islamic caliphates established after the death of muhammad it was the largest empire in the world at the time. The hashimiyya movement a subsect of the kaysanites shia, led by the abbasid family, overthrew the umayyad caliphate. Among the most notable of these dynasties claiming abbasid descent are the wadai empire which ruled parts of modernday sudan, bahawalpur in india, and the khanate of bastak. The abbasid caliphate was a major dynasty that ruled over the islamic empire during its peak. The umayyad and abbasid dynasties were powerful caliphates that ruled expanded territories over the middle east and north of africa, who altogether ruled over 600 years. Muawiyah ibn abu sufyan was the first umayyad caliph, ruling from 661 to 680. This large empire consisted of departments of war, tax, secretariat, privy seal, post. The capital city of baghdad was sacked by the mongols in 1258 watch.
Methods for expanding territory and power continuing through history, the new formation of the islamic empire began in 630 ce. The white flag, the colour of the umayyad dynasty, was inscribed with the mottothere is no god but god allah and mohammed is the prophet of god. Introduction abbasid empire libguides at sharon high. This book gives an excellent introduction, going into depth on how the west has viwed the islamic world, and viceversca. Rise and fall of umayyad and abbasid empires youtube. The abbasids brought down the umayyads in 750 and sought to kill as many umayyad family members as possible to avoid its later resurgence. The abbasids were an arabic dynasty who ruled over most of the islamic empire save some western parts from 750 to 1258 ce. The umayyad caliphate ruled the islamic empire from 661750 ce. However, when the umayyad family was ousted from power and the abbasids rose to prominence, the center of. Jan 1, 762 capital of the abbasids moves to baghdad. Established by the last umayyad prince fleeing syria after the abbasid conquest, the spanish umayyads were the first of many muslim dynasties to rule in spain. The abbasids, an army composed of nonarab muslims who were mistreated under the umayyad rule and anti umayyad arabs.
Umayyad period 661750 from the metropolitan museum of arts timeline of. Why are the rashidun, umayyads and abbasids discussed as. Throughout the umayyad and the early abassid period, the kharjite movement was the center of almost all the opposition to these two caliphate dynasties. Damascus was the political, commercial, and cultural center of the umayyad dynasty. Set country flag abbasid revolution lose 2 stability a random owned province in persia region gains 5k pretender rebels led by abu alabbas if it doesnt have a province in persian region, 5k pretender rebels led by assaffah abbasid spawn in a not. Although initially powerful, the caliphate of the abbasid dynasty slowly dissipates until baghdad is sacked by the mongols in 1258. Similarities between umayyad and abbasid caliphates. Timeline of the umayyad, abbasid, abbasidseljuk empires. Son of abu sufyan, muhammads most bitter umayyad opponent, muawiya became caliph after the death of ali. Do now take out your current events worksheet and place it on your desk. Category umayyad caliphate abbasid caliphate origin. The umayyad dynasty of damascus came to an end by the year. At the time, the umayyad caliphate was the largest empire the world had seen.
In general, these muslim leaders were tolerant toward jewish and christian peoples, who had to pay a special tax to continue to practice their religion explanation. The umayyads favored syrian arabs over other muslims and treated mawali, newly converted muslims, as secondclass citizens. Dynasty, a family or line of rulers, a succession of sovereigns of a country belonging to a single family or tracing their descent to a common ancestor greek dynadeia, sovereignty. Differentiate the methods used by the umayyad and abbasid dynasties to expand islamic civilization by doing the following. The umayyad and abbasid caliphates the umayyad caliphate 661750 the umayyad caliphate 661750 you dont have permission to view this page. Since the abbasids came to power through armed insurrection against the umayyad government, it is possible that certain biases may have crept in narratives written during their rule. Prior to the advent of islam, the umayyads were a largely merchant family of the quraysh tribe centered at mecca. Historically speaking, again, to my knowledge the umayyads were the rulers of the second caliphate, but were overthrown by the abbasid s who, maybe not technically, but in basic terms sort of a cousin family, with both of them being two cadet dynasties originating from abu bakar. Abbasid dynasties in the rise and spreading of the islam religion, there were many dynasties that were similar and different in their own way. The umayyad dynasty produced little of what we would consider decorative arts. H abdul rahman founds the umayyad state in spain 763 ce, 145 a.
The abbasids were members of the hashim clan, rivals of the umayyads, but the word hashimiyya seems to refer specifically to abu hashim, a grandson of. At its peak, the umayyad dynasty was ruling middle east, north africa, iberian peninsula, persia and central asia. The abbasid dynasty embraced islamic teachings with ultimate enthusiasm. Umayyad dynasty definition of umayyad dynasty by the free. Umayyadabbasid empire project by margeaux biche on prezi. Much of the anti umayyad literature started to appear in the later abbasid period in persia. The caliphate was ruled by the umayyad dynasty arabic. It was founded by a dynasty descended from muhammads uncle, abbas ibn. Bitter religious and political struggle between sunnis, and the followers of ali, the shiites. The sunnis won, and established the umayyad dynasty, its capital of damascus in syria. Difference between abbasid and umayyad empire compare.
With a total time period of about 800 years, students can allot two inches to each century. Umayyad dynasty timeline ancient history encyclopedia. The umayyad and abbasid dynasties were ruled by muhammad. A successful revolt by the abbasids manage to dispose the umayyad caliphate and the new abbasid capliphate is put into power. They are defeated at mecca by muhammads forces but are embraced by muhammad and become a powerful muslim clan that will lead the faith after muhammad.
Early islamic architecture umayyad and abbasid dynasties. In this module, we briefly discuss the history, accomplishments, and mistakes of the umayyad. Umayyads to abbasids has been primarily based on the. The umayyad caliphate was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of muhammad. The abbasid caliphate came into strong existence in 750 ce kennedy 24. The abbasid dynasty was based on the modern day iraq. It is the fifth largest empire in history it was ruled by the umayyad dynasty arabic. In 661, the islamic caliphate came under the rule of the umayyad dynasty, which chose damascus to be the administrative capital of the muslim world. In 1055, seljuq turkmen who had gradually moved into abbasid territory, took control of. Although its leaders were followers of islam, it was a period marked by religious tolerance, with followers of. Muhammad ibn ali, a greatgrandson of abbas, began to campaign for the return of power to the family of muhammad, the hashimites, in persia during the reign of umar ii, an umayyad caliph who ruled. H khariji state set up by ibn madrar at sijilmasa 786 ce, 169 a. Abbasid and umayyad empires by eleanor werner on prezi. Asked in chinese dynasties what are the rulers and dynasties in islam in the.
Difference between abbasid and umayyad empire origins. Coming to power three decades after the death of the muslim prophet muhammad and immediately after the rashidun caliphate, the umayyads. This era produced greater advancements in arts, science, and architecture. The abbasids also distinguished themselves from the umayyads by attacking their moral character and administration in general.
Under the umayyad dynasty, muawiya, related to uthman was the governor of syria, from the umayya clan of the. Umayyad dynasty, the first great muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate. The name of this dynasty comes from umayya ibn abd shams, the greatgrandfather of the first umayyad caliph. Timeline of the umayyad, abbasid, abbasidseljuk empires the. The umayyad period is often considered the formative period in islamic art. The dynasties enthusiasms in islamic teachings and culture were highly fueled by its take over from the umayyad dynasty. The end of the umayyad dynasty came about by being attacked by abbasid forces that arrived in arab lands from the area of persia. Compare and contrast the issues which ended the umay. The nature of islamic art from the metropolitan museum of arts timeline of art. The umayyad dynasty also suffered from overextension, as in the 700s ad, to manage an empire stretching from modernday spain to the borders of modernday india was extremely difficult. The abbasids, at their start, are a sunni mashriqi caliphate who takes up the regions of egypt africa continent, arabia, mashriqi near east subcontinent, asia continent, persia and khorasan persia subcontinent, asia continent. Culturally through religious toleration and cultural blending, the umayyad and abbasid dynasties can be compared. Firstly, the rashidun, abu bakr, umar, uthman, and ali, were not closely related and did not succeed one another as a coherent dynasty. The name umayyad is taken from umayya ibn abd shams, the greatgrandfather of the first umayyad caliph.
Umayyad caliphate also kept the unity of islamic caliphate as more than one muslim dynasties appeared soon after the fall of umayyad dynasty. The caliphate was founded and led by the umayyads, a meccan family. They assumed the caliphal title after ousting the ruling umayyad dynasty, hence serving as the second of. You will be tested on subjects such as islamic religious rulers and caliphs. Activities of abbasid, fatimid and alawi after the old rivalry between umayyad and hashemite began, hashemite worked in three groups, abbasid, fatimid and alawi.
Caliph abu al abbas caliph abu jafar almansur important city. Part two in a screencast lecture in six parts on history of islam, and the groups within it. Describe the different methods of expansion used by the umayyad and abbasid dynasties. The abbasid revolution in 746, in the marginalized regions of modern day iran, the region called khorasan erupted in revolt against the weakened umayyad caliphate. What were some intellectual achievements of the umayyad. One of his first orders of business was to transfer the capital from madina to damascus, where the first major systematic encounters between greek and islamic thought took place. A list of caliphs and wazirs in the islamic world covering dynastic reigns rashidun, umayyad, abbasid, barmakid, tulunid, ikhshidid, fatimid, ayyubid, mamluk. There are different narrations which encourage all muslims to pursue knowledge even if in a far land. Timeline of the umayyad, abbasid, abbasidseljuk empires the three dynasties timeline created by tejabalasubramanian.
The islamic changes of the umayyad and abbasid empires youtube. The umayyad and abbasid dynasties were ruled by muhammad, caliphs, kings. Mohammed left no sons, and in any case there was no tradition of sons taking over in the arab world. Basically, the main reason of appearance of a great civilization among muslims was islam itself. Abbasid and umayyad caliphates a caliphate is an islamic form of government led by a caliph are two of the four major arab caliphates in the islamic world, that were established after the death of muhammad. After the death of mohammed in 632 ad, the leadership of the new religion, and of the newly united arab tribes, was taken over by mohammeds upperclass fatherinlaw. After the assassination of ali, a group called the umayyads came to power and chose muawiya as the fifth caliph.
Decline 657750ce umayyad clan starts as a foe to muhammad. Then it goes onto the first chapter, where it discusses preislamic arabia, the life of mohammad, the rashidun, the schism between sunni and shia, and the umayyad and abbasid dynasties. It seems likely that it was not until the later part of the umayyad period that traditions, religious or historical and the distinction is not always clear, came to be committed to writing with any frequency. This makes it the largest muslim dynasty and one of the largest empires of human history. It was the largest empire in the world at the time. This part discusses the umayyad and abbasid dynasties. Damascus was captured by muslim arab forces led by khalid ibn alwalid in 634. List of rulers of the islamic world heilbrunn timeline of art history. Despite the similarity of faith both umayyad and abbasid dynasty shared muslim faith, there were many. A revolt that grew to a revolutions and installed a new dynasty that presided over the most glistening age for islam the abbasid caliphate. Bibliography islamic scholars flourish preserve and interpret greek writings chinese paper formally introduced islamic empires abbasid manuscript major use of written word clara greenfield and margeaux biche umayyad empire mosque of the immortal crane c. The umayyad caliphate came into existence first since it was established in 661. Oct 09, 2014 flipped classroom lecture on umayyad and abbasid empires. Umayyad dynasty, the first great muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate 661750.
Umayyad caliphate simple english wikipedia, the free. First, is the discussion of the umayyad dynasty and its administration. At first, even though arabic became the official language and islam the principal religion of the diverse lands unified under umayyad rule, artists continued to work in their established manner. In general, these muslim leaders were tolerant toward jewish and christian, shinto, confucian peoples, who had to petition the government, pay a special tax, join the army to continue to practice their religion. The abbasid dynasty s reign marks the beginning of the golden age of arabic literature, as the tradition continues an earlier flow of influence from hellenic and near eastern cultures. The abbasid caliphate came into power later on after umayyad. The government of the umayyad dynasty had work to establish and manage a large empire acrobatiq. The collapse of the umayyad caliphate ushered in the golden age of the abbasid dynasty. According to the umayyads, uthman would have been the first umayyad caliph. Start studying early islamic architecture umayyad and abbasid dynasties. Most narratives about the events during the umayyad rule come from sources that were compiled during the succeeding abbasid rule. In order to make the greek tradition more accessible, understandable, and. When the abbasid dynasty revolted against the umayyads and killed many of their ruling family members, a few umayyads escaped to the iberian peninsula and. While umayyad dynasty ruled for nearly 100 years from 661 to 750 ad, abbasid dynasty, that overthrew umayyad dynasty, ruled for nearly 500 years 750 ad to 1258 ad.
Start studying islam, umayyad, abbasid, safavid etc learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This meant that the leader of the caliphate, called the caliph, was typically the son or other male relative of the previous caliph. The abbasid victors desecrated the tombs of the umayyads in syria, sparing only that of umar ii, and most of the remaining members of the umayyad family were tracked down and killed. Differences between umayyad and abbasid caliphates. Factors leading to the downfall of the umayyad dynasty. Abbasid was actually the direct party that took power from umayyad dynasty. Abbasid caliphate until destroyed by the mongol invasion in 1258. This quiz and worksheet will demonstrate your knowledge of the umayyad dynasty. Two powerful dynasties, the umayyad and the abbasid, ruled the islamic world. The main difference between abbasid and umayyad empire is the developments that took place in the islamic culture during them. This caliphate was centered on the umayyad dynasty, hailing from mecca. Umayyad dynasty synonyms, umayyad dynasty pronunciation, umayyad dynasty translation, english dictionary definition of umayyad dynasty. The caliphate replaces the rule of the sunni umayyad caliphate on august 6, 750, with cores, bordering miaphysite aksum, alodia, beja and makuria south, fellow.
The abbasid dynasty descended from muhammad s youngest uncle, abbas ibn abd almuttalib 566653 ce, from whom the dynasty takes its name. When abbasids declared amnesty for members of the umayyad family, eighty gathered to receive pardons, and all were massacred. The abbasid empire also had many weaknesses, here are some. From the umayyad perspective however, there is a significant degree of overlap. There will be rewards for keeping track of your stuff. Although the chronology remains somewhat uncertain, the building seems to have been completed in 692, which means that it was under. The umayyad caliphs appointed governors over the three crucial areas of the hejaz, yemen, and oman, but in iraq occasional powerful governors managed to control. Spain secedes from the abbasid caliphate and a new dynasty is established there under umayyad leadership. In an extensive program of arabization, arabic became the official state. The umayyad caliphate 661750 ce jewish virtual library. The abbasid caliphate came into strong existence in 750. In order to elucidate these reasons, it is essential to understand in some detail the.
Damascus was the capital from 661744, harrran from 744750, and in exile their. The umayyad dynasty enjoyed dominance and political power up to 750 ce. A popular uprising beginning in khurasan eastern iran and spreading west brings the death of the umayyad ruling family at the hand of the caliph abu alabbas alsaffah, the first abbasid ruler. Abbasid dynasty was overthrown by the mongols in 1258 ad. By the 11th century, this decentralized system proved too weak to defend against nomadic tribesmen from the east. The abbasid dynastys reign marks the beginning of the golden age of arabic literature, as the tradition continues an earlier flow of influence. Like the umayyad caliphate before it, the leader of the abbasids was called the caliph. The umayyad and abbasid empires boundless world history.
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